![]() An immediate consequence of this is that direct application of Newton’s laws with this force can be mathematically difficult, depending on the specific problem at hand. If either the test charge or the source charge (or both) move, then r → r → changes, and therefore so does the force. It is important to note that the electric force is not constant it is a function of the separation distance between the two charges. Note that Newton’s third law (every force exerted creates an equal and opposite force) applies as usual-the force on q 1 q 1 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force it exerts on q 2 q 2. The electric force F → F → on one of the charges is proportional to the magnitude of its own charge and the magnitude of the other charge, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:įigure 5.14 The electrostatic force F → F → between point charges q 1 q 1 and q 2 q 2 separated by a distance r is given by Coulomb’s law. r → 12 = r → 12 = the vector displacement from q 1 q 1 to q 2 q 2.q 1, q 2 = q 1, q 2 = the net electric charges of the two objects.(Interestingly, the force does not depend on the mass of the objects.) The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Correctly describe and apply the superposition principle for multiple source chargesĮxperiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have electric charge, then they exert an electric force on each other.Determine the direction of the electric force for different source charges.Calculate the force that charges exert on each other.Describe the electric force, both qualitatively and quantitatively.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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